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Mary Elizabeth Banning
Mary Elizabeth Banning (1832-1903) was an American mycologist and botanical illustrator from Maryland. She formally described 23 previously unknown species of fungi, publishing their type descriptions in the ''Botanical Gazette'' and Charles Peck's "Annual Report of the New York State Botanist". She is best known as the author of ''The Fungi of Maryland'', an unpublished manuscript containing scientific descriptions, mycological anecdotes, and (174 13" by 15" watercolor paintings ) of fungal species.〔 The New York State Museum describes these paintings as "extraordinary...a blend of science and folk art, scientifically accurate and lovely to look at."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fungi: Mary Banning )〕 Banning's manuscript took twenty years to complete (1868-1888). Although the Maryland State Archives, citing Stegman, asserts that "At this point in time, no one had written a book on American fungi," and Haines〔 states, "In 1868 there were no books from which to learn about American fungi," neither assertion is technically correct: Schweinitz's ''Synopsis Fungorum Carolinæ Superioris'' was published in 1822. Nevertheless, had Banning's opus been published, it would certainly have been the first illustrated and popularly accessible fungal flora of the southern United States. She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1994.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Maryland Women's Hall of Fame: Mary Elizabeth Banning )〕
== Family Life ==
Banning was born in 1822 in Talbot County on Maryland's eastern shore.〔"Mary Elizabeth Banning - Overview," Ancestry.com, http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/10084269/person/-700507514 (Accessed July 15, 2011).〕 She was the daughter of Robert Banning and Mary Macky, and was the youngest of her father's eight children (six from a previous marriage). The Bannings were a well-established Maryland family: Mary Elizabeth's grandfather was a representative at Maryland's ratification of the federal constitution, and her father was a military captain, Collector of the Port of Oxford, and Member of the Maryland House of Delegates.〔"Banning Family," In Notable Southern Families Volume I, compiled by Zella Armstrong, 25, Chattanooga, TN: The Lookout Publishing Company, c.1918 https://archive.org/stream/notablesouthern00frengoog#page/n32/mode/2up (accessed Aug. 2 2013)〕
In 1845, when Banning was 23, her father died. In 1855, Banning, her mother, and her sisters moved to Baltimore.〔 By 1860, her mother and a sister had become chronically ill, and Banning became their caretaker. Throughout, she maintained an interest in natural history, finally gravitating to the study of fungi. With her own money, she bought a microscope and started to amass a scientific library and private herbarium.〔 She also initiated a correspondence with Charles Horton Peck, A New York State Museum scientist who, by then, was well on his way to becoming "the dean of American mycologists".
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